Volume 12 Issue 2

The Role of Biologics and Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedic Surgery: Enhancing Healing and Recovery with Stem Cells, PRP, and Growth Factors

¹Hadi Raza, ² Ali Raza, ³ Mobeen Ali, ⁴ Dr kishore kumar khatri, ⁵Mohib Ali, ⁶ Dr Muhammad Azeem Akhund

¹PIMS

²UHS Lahore

³PIMS

⁴Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology PUMHS Nawabshah

⁵PIMS

⁶Assistant Professor Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology PUMHS Nawabshah

Correspondence: Hadi Raza, PIMS

Abstract Background: Surgery is a usual practice in the treatment of injuries involving bones and joints of the body and is often referred to as orthopaedic surgery. However, as presented in this article, extending the scope of traditional methods of burn treatment brings some limitations in achieving the complete recovery and the formation of new tissue. Stem cells, Platelet-Rich Plasma and growth factors are examples of biologics which offer a great potential for regenerating medical practices in orthopaedic surgery to expedite healing and recovery. Aim: It is the purpose of this article to examine to what extent and how biologics can enhance early outcomes after orthopaedic surgery, particularly bone and cartilage repair, tendon and ligament reconstruction with stem cells, PRP or growth factors. Methods: The systematic reviews and clinical trials of this study analyse the benefits of biologics and tissue repair and healing in joint arthroplasty. Healing outcomes of participants were measured and recorded according to the treatment received, either through control intervention or through biologic treatment; significance analysis was made using tools such as ANOVA and regression analysis. Results: Stem cell therapy led to a dramatic enhancement in bone and cartilage repair with success rates of 70%, 75%, 90% and 92%. Abe reported that in the case of tendons and ligaments, soft tissue recovery in the animal model was significantly improved by PRP, with average healing percentage of between 60 and 85 percent. A number of growth factors were identified to shorten recovery time by 15%- 25% and lowered pain levels by 30% – 40%. All the comparisons performed showed better results in patients treated with biologics compared to patients in the standard treatment group. Conclusion: Biologics are a new-generation product used for orthopaedic surgery that substantially enhances tissue healing and recovery. However, such limitations as inconsistency of patients’ reaction and steep prices should not overshadow the opportunity biologics have to revolutionize orthopaedic therapies. Future research should be directed towards improving the current biologic protocols which are in general still quite rudimentary, and towards further standardization of biologic agents, as well as towards increasing the number and range of biologic interventions used in clinical practice. Keywords: Type 1 diabetes, obesity, GLP-1 receptor agonists, insulin therapy, glycemic control, weight management, cardiovascular health.