ABSTRACT
Background: Type 2 Diabetes is a big health problem worldwide. Its numbers are climbing and the complications are many. Doctors say changing how you live—what you eat, how much you move, keeping weight in check, quitting smoking—are the base of good blood sugar control. Even with new medicines, sticking to these habits seems important for keeping the disease shape and stopping term trouble.
Aim: The research wanted to see how those lifestyle changes link to sugar control in people with Type 2 Diabetes.
Methods: The work took place at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences in Islamabad from August 2024 to July 2025. Eighty adults with a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes joined the study. Researchers gathered info through face‑to‑face interviews, chart review, and lab tests. They asked about diet quality, which appears to affect outcomes, how often the person exercised, if they smoked, and what they did about weight. Blood sugar control was checked with the HbA1c test. Then they ran statistics to find any connection.
Results: The data showed that participants who mostly ate balanced meals and moved regularly had lower HbA1c, about 6.9 %, while those who skipped diet or exercise averaged 8.1 %. Losing weight and stopping smoking seemed linked to better numbers. Sixty‑five percent of the “healthy habit” group reached the goal of HbA1c under 7 % , compared with only twenty‑eight percent of the low‑change group.
Conclusion: The study suggests that lifestyle steps may be a key factor in better glycaemic control. Doctors should probably include diet advice, exercise plans, and smoking‑cessation help as part of routine diabetes care to improve long‑term results. Patients reported feeling more energetic and hopeful after changes. Overall further studies needed.
Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Lifestyle Modifications, Glycemic Control, Diet, Exercise, HbA1c, Smoking Cessation.