Abstract
Background:
Infectious diseases remain a significant source of morbidity and mortality worldwide despite the advancements achieved by medical science and public health. Their epidemiological patterns have dramatically shifted as a result of globalization, climate change, antimicrobial resistance, and human–animal interactions.
Objectives: 
The article aims to study global infectious disease trends, identify key epidemiological changes, and discuss emerging challenges that are most likely to impact prevention and control strategies in the future.
Methods: 
A narrative study of peer-grouped literature, World Health Organization (WHO) epidemiological reports, and global health surveillance reports between the period 2000–2025 was conducted in an effort to identify changing patterns of disease as well as determinants at play.
Results: 
Decline in vaccine-preventable diseases in high-income nations, but their resurgence in low immunization coverage areas. Zoonotic diseases, antimicrobial resistance, and vector-borne diseases are on the rise worldwide. Two summary tables give an overview of the distribution of priority infectious diseases and emergent threats.
Conclusion: 
Infectious disease trends demonstrate the interconnectedness of health, society, and environment. Surveillance intensification, equitable vaccination programs, and innovative approaches to addressing antimicrobial resistance are essential to addressing future global challenges.
Keywords: Infectious diseases, epidemiology, antimicrobial resistance, emerging infections, global health