Abstract
Background:
Sleep-disordered breathing is a clinically and physiologically heterogeneous disorder of sleep respiration. The disorders include obstructive sleep apnea, central sleep apnea, and obesity hypoventilation syndrome. Besides disturbed sleep quality, SDB has far-reaching impacts on respiratory physiology, such as impairment of lung function, abnormalities of gas exchange, and acceleration of chronic respiratory disease.
Objectives:
This study evaluates the impact of SDB on respiratory health as regards prevalence, physiological mechanisms, clinical effects, and management.
Methods:
A cross-sectional observation study was performed in 300 suspected SDB adults. Diagnosis was confirmed by polysomnography, while spirometry and arterial blood gas analysis assessed respiratory health. Demographics, BMI, comorbid illness, and smoking were also obtained.
Results:
Prevalence of SDB was 85% in the study group, primarily OSA. Moderate-to-severe SDB was associated with reduced FEV1, hypoxemia, and hypercapnia. Male gender and obesity were independent risk factors.
Conclusions:
SDB has a deleterious effect on respiratory health by altering pulmonary mechanics, causing nocturnal hypoxemia, and exacerbating chronic lung disease. Early identification and treatment with CPAP, weight loss, and risk factor modification are crucial in avoiding complications.
Keywords: Polysomnography, CPAP, Respiratory physiology, SDB