ABSTRACT
Background: Obesity was also known as one of the key risk factors of cardiovascular disease CVD that could be modified. Chronic and repeat obesity was a major risk factor in causing hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and atherosclerosis. The diet therapeutic process had been discovered as one of the main complexes of interventions in the sphere of weight management and prevention of cardiovascular diseases, but it still needed to be investigated in the particular cases of patients with the long-lasting obesity-related history.
Aim: The research objective was to determine how effective a diet therapy is in the examination of lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases among patients who had a chronic and recurring experience of obesity.
Methods: This descriptive study had been carried out in the Department of Pediatrics, PAEC General Hospital, Islamabad, and took a period of six months after accepting the synopsis, October 2024, to March 2025. One hundred individuals who had a written record of repeated obesity were incorporated. Existing records on cardiovascular risk factors at baseline, diet, anthropometric measures, were also obtained. The participants were subjected to rigorously structured diet therapy involving calorie reduction, normal macronutrient distribution, and intake of more fiber rich food. Cardiovascular risk profile (pre- and post-intervention) was measured using body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, fasting lipid profile, and fasting blood glucose level. The descriptive types of statistical analysis were employed to analyze data.
Results: Diet therapy had brought significant decrease in cardiovascular risk factors. The average BMI was reduced to 31.5 kg/m 2 (2.9) in comparison to the initial 34.8 kg/m 2 (3.2). The systolic blood pressure subsided by an amount of 142 + 10 mmHg to 132 + 8 mmHg whereas the diastolic blood pressure decreased by 88 + 6 mmHg to 81 + 5 mmHg. The level of total cholesterol went down to 198 22 mg / dL, LDL cholesterol went down to 121 18 mg / dL, and the glucose level in the blood decreased by 101 12 mg / dL. The most of the participants noted better diet adherence and consumption of less processed foods.
Conclusion: Diet therapy would have played an important role in improving the chances of reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease amid patients with a long history and recurring history of obesity. Long-term compliance with change in diet was related to BMI improvement, blood pressure, lipid disorder, and glycemic indicators. These results cemented the role of personal nutrition measures as a primary prevention tool towards obese groups dealing with cardiovascular disease.
Keywords: Obesity, Cardiovascular Disease, Diet Therapy, Nutritional Intervention, Risk Reduction, Preventive Medicine.