13-10-521-549 – HEALTH-AFFAIRS

Volume 13 Issue 10

Unraveling the Chloroplast Genome of Lolium perenne: Comparative Genomics, Evolution, and Phylogenetic Insights

¹Zamarak Haider, ²Shahjahan Shabbir Ahmed Rana, ³Imran Ali Sani, ⁴Dawood Shahid, ⁵Tabeel Tariq Bashir Maqsood Ahmed, ⁶Faheem Nawaz, ⁷Isra Durrani, ⁸Aqeel Ahmad, ⁹Shazia Irfan, ¹⁰Hina Ali Ahmed

¹Department of Biotechnology, (FLS&I), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta
²Department of Environmental Sciences, (FLS&I), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta
³Department of Environmental Sciences, (FLS&I), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS), Quetta
⁴Department of Biotechnology, (FLS&I), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS)
⁵Department of Environmental Sciences, (FLS&I), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS)
⁶Department of Environmental Sciences, (FLS&I), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences (BUITEMS)
⁷Plant Tissue Culture Laboratory, Director Agriculture Research Institute (ARI), Sariab, Quetta
⁸Department of Agronomy, University of Poonch Rawalakot, Pakistan
⁹Department of Botany, SBK Women’s University, Brewery Road, Quetta, Pakistan
¹⁰Department of Zoology, SBK Women’s University, Brewery Road, Quetta, Pakistan

Abstract

Chloroplast genome sequences make a significant contribution to the study of plant evolutionary biology, taxonomy and breeding by not only revealing the genetic structure, the relationships among species, but also the molecular adaptation. Although Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) has an agricultural significance, but chloroplast genome information from arid areas such Quetta from Pakistan is still lacking. The objective of current study was to sequence, assemble and annotate the whole chloroplast genome of L. perenne collected from Quetta valley. Genomic DNA of high quality was isolated and sequenced on the BGISEQ-500 instrument following a modified CTAB protocol. The NOVO-Plasty was used for de novo genome assembly and the annotation was done using CPGAVAS, DOGMA, and tRNA scan-SE. The full-length assembled genome was 135,210 bp, and the organization was typical of the quadripartite structure with the LSC, SSC, and a pair of IRs. A total of 128 genes were found: 76 protein- coding genes, 30 tRNA genes (one pseudogene), and 4 rRNA genes. The GC content was 38.3%. Molecular characterisation identified 53 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 58 insertions/deletions (indels), and phylogenetic analysis showed the Quetta accession clustering in the L. multiflorum group and clearly separated from Festuca pratensis. These results not only identify the genetic background of the sample as L. perenne, but also provide a new regional cp genome to the world cp genome resources. These findings increase our knowledge of chloroplast genome evolution in Poaceae and provide useful genomic resources for molecular breeding, phylogeny, and germplasm conservation of forage grasses in semi-arid regions

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Editorial Board

Editor-in-Chief
Liam A. Phillips, California, Los Angeles

Associate Editors
Andrew Adler, USC-Brookings Schaeffer Initiative for Health Policy, The Brookings Institution
Lucas F. Figueroa, Univercity of California, Lesley
Sidra Hamad, California, Los Angeles
Nicholas Hernandez, University of California, Merced
Vimon F. Haeder, Texas A&M University
Forrin Moucheraud, University of California, Los Angeles
kayeh Nikpay, University of Minnesota