ABSTRACT
Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with statins widely recognized for their lipid-lowering effects and potential to reduce CVD risk. Recent evidence has highlighted additional roles of statins beyond lipid regulation, contributing to their use in both the prevention and treatment of CVDs. However, the full extent of these benefits required a comprehensive review.
Aim: This study aimed to systematically review and evaluate the role of statins in preventing and managing cardiovascular diseases, with an emphasis on the clinical efficacy, safety, and additional benefits associated with their use.
Methods: A systematic review was conducted on studies from June 2023 to May 2024, involving a study population of 80 eligible research articles that met predefined inclusion criteria. Articles were identified from leading medical databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, focusing on randomized controlled trials, observational studies, and meta-analyses that evaluated the impact of statin therapy on cardiovascular outcomes. Data on primary outcomes, such as incidence and recurrence of CVD events, were extracted and synthesized.
Results: Statin therapy was consistently associated with significant reductions in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels, leading to a marked decrease in the incidence of primary CVD events. Statins also demonstrated additional benefits, including anti-inflammatory and plaque-stabilizing effects, which contributed to reduced recurrent events in high-risk patients. The review highlighted favorable safety profiles, although certain subpopulations experienced increased myopathy risks. The comprehensive analysis suggested a clear benefit of statin therapy for both primary and secondary prevention of CVD, particularly when used in appropriate dosages and combined with lifestyle modifications.
Conclusion: This systematic review affirmed the critical role of statins in CVD prevention and treatment, underscoring their efficacy in lowering LDL-C levels and providing additional cardioprotective effects. Statins should be considered integral to CVD management strategies, particularly in high-risk populations, while monitoring for potential adverse effects.
Keywords: Statins, cardiovascular diseases, prevention, treatment, LDL cholesterol, systematic review