Abstract
Background: Refractive surgery has transformed myopia, hyperopia, and astigmatism correction to spectacle and contact lens independence. LASIK is the most common procedure on the planet, yet new technologies are coming into play to deliver optimum precision, security, and quality of vision.
Aim: This is an overview of LASIK and other more recently introduced refractive surgical procedures, such as photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), small-incision lenticule extraction (SMILE), phakic intraocular lenses (IOLs), and refractive lens exchange (RLE) by indication, outcome, benefits, and drawbacks considerations.
Methods: Systematic study of randomized trials, meta-analyses, and influential clinical guidelines have been used in determining efficacy, safety, and long-term outcomes of the different refractive surgery modalities. LASIK is still the gold standard for most refractive abnormalities with rapid visual recovery and high patient satisfaction. PRK is appropriate for thin corneas, while SMILE is appropriate for flapless and less invasive surgery with similar visual outcomes. Phakic IOLs and RLE provide surgically implanted high refractive abnormalities as well as presbyopia.
Conclusion: Refractive surgical innovation has optimized treatment modalities, safety, and visual results. Best outcomes demand procedure selectin from patient data and technology data.
Keywords: Refractive surgery, LASIK, PRK, SMILE, phakic IOL, refractive lens exchange, visual results, corneal refractive surgery, surgical innovation.