Abstract
Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of irreversible central visual disability among older persons. Improved diagnostic and therapeutic advances have appreciably enhanced the visual prognosis, especially in neovascular AMD.
Objective: The study here presents current AMD therapeutic strategies like pharmacologic, laser, and surgical treatments, and the new modalities and their clinical significance.
Methods: Systematic study and analysis of the latest clinical guidelines were employed in a bid to delineate the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of the different treatment approaches for AMD.
Results: Anti-VEGF therapy is standard in the treatment of neovascular AMD with enhanced visual acuity. Dry AMD is treated according to risk reduction, dietary supplementation, and novel gene and stem cell therapy.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis, individualized therapy, and emerging therapies combined equal the most favorable prognosis in AMD patients.
Keywords: Age-related macular degeneration, anti-VEGF therapy, geographic atrophy, retinal disease, photodynamic therapy, gene therapy, nutritional supplementation