Abstract
Background: The proteins are the central biomolecules with a range of cellular functions from structural support to catalysis of biochemical reactions. Unraveling their structure–function relationships is vital in deciphering enzymatic mechanisms and designing targeted therapeutic interventions.
Objectives: We approach this study with an aim to present the protein structure–function relationship with emphasis on enzymatic mechanisms of biological catalysis.
Methods: Literature-based analytical approach was utilized, including structural biology, enzymology, and computational modeling data to probe central protein domains, catalytic residues, and conformational change.
Results: Analysis demonstrated secondary and tertiary structural motifs, active site topology, and dynamic conformational change all contribute to enzymatic efficiency and specificity. Tables list general enzyme classes, catalytic modes, and structure–function interactions.
Conclusion: Protein structure is elegantly interconnected with function. New structural determination and computational methods ever more reveal unprecedented data on enzyme mechanisms, the prospect of thrilling potential in drug design and biotechnology applications.
Keywords:  Protein structure, enzymatic mechanisms, active site, catalysis, structural biology, enzyme kinetics, protein function